Bill of lading

The shipping document naming carrier, consignee and commodity for a cargo, and one of the few records tying a movement to a buyer.

A bill of lading is the document a carrier issues for cargo it has accepted. It functions as a receipt for the goods, as evidence of the contract of carriage, and in its negotiable form as a document of title - which is why it exists in every trade lane and why its contents are relatively standardised.

For anyone reading the physical economy it is valuable because of what it names: shipper, consignee, commodity description, and route. That is the join between an anonymous movement seen through AIS and a specific buyer waiting on a specific piece of equipment, which is the difference between a freight chart and a delivery date.

Availability and detail vary by jurisdiction and by lane, descriptions are frequently generic or hidden behind a tariff code, and entity names on them are exactly as inconsistent as everywhere else - which makes them a normal entity resolution problem rather than a clean key.

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