Small modular reactor (SMR)
A reactor design of reduced output intended to be built largely in a factory and assembled on site.
A small modular reactor is a reactor of lower output than a conventional large plant, designed so that a greater share of it is manufactured in a factory and shipped to site as modules rather than built in place. The intent is to trade some economy of scale for economy of repetition, moving cost and schedule risk from construction into manufacturing.
That design choice is why SMR developers meet their supply chain earlier and harder than an operator of an existing plant does. They are frequently qualifying suppliers who have never done nuclear work, which makes supplier qualification a programme risk rather than a procurement formality - and a component with thirty capable manufacturers and three qualified ones is a sole source in every way that matters to a date.
The demand behind them is now largely about dispatchable generation for loads that did not exist a decade ago, which is what put a thirty-year-old supply chain question back on the table as an AI infrastructure question. Fuel is part of the same problem: several designs require HALEU, whose supply is narrower than the reactor supply chain around it.
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