Sole source

A component or service with only one qualified supplier, so the buyer has no alternative to fall back on.

A sole-source component is one for which a single supplier is qualified to do the work. It is distinct from a single-source component, where a buyer has chosen one supplier among several that could qualify - a choice can be revisited in weeks, while a sole source cannot be revisited at all until another supplier has been through qualification.

Sole sourcing is where supply risk concentrates, because every other risk passes through it. A quality finding, a fire, an ownership change or an export restriction at one plant becomes a programme delay rather than a procurement inconvenience, and the remedy takes long enough that it has to be started before it is needed.

Finding sole sources is a resolution problem before it is a negotiation problem. Four records describing one company read as a healthy market until entity resolution collapses them into one, at which point a component thought to be competitively supplied turns out to have a single path.

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Evidence that keeps pace with the decision.

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