Firm power

Generation that can be relied on to deliver at a specified time, as distinct from capacity that is merely installed.

Firm power is electricity a buyer can count on being delivered at the hour it is needed, backed by an obligation rather than by a forecast. It is the unit a large industrial load actually contracts for, because a facility that cannot run at peak does not have power - it has an average.

The distinction matters most where intermittent generation dominates. A wind or solar fleet with a strong annual capacity factor may still contribute very little at the specific hour a system peaks, and closing that gap requires storage, dispatchable generation, demand response, or a contract with somebody who has one of those.

This is why compute buyers have become interested in generation types they previously ignored. Firmness on a schedule, rather than cost per megawatt-hour, is what an energization date depends on - and whether it can be delivered to a given location depends on the interconnection queue as much as on the generator itself.

All terms

Evidence that keeps pace with the decision.

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